how to choose their own warehouse shelves?

In order to improve the efficiency of warehouse utilization, make full use of warehouse space, and increase the storage capacity of the warehouse, shelves must be used. Shelf is now an indispensable tool for logistics storage and transportation, so what are the common shelves in the market, and how should companies and enterprises choose their own shelves?

1. shelves

According to different standards, the classification of shelves is also different. Mainly in accordance with the fixed or mobile classification.

according to the shelf is fixed or mobile is divided into fixed shelves and mobile shelves.

1. Fixed shelf

shelf shelf; tray shelf; through shelf; gravity shelf; press-in shelf; attic shelf; steel structure platform; cantilever shelf; mobile shelf; drawer shelf; bracket shelf;

2, mobile shelf

mobile shelves can be subdivided into mobile shelves and rotary shelves, in which mobile shelves can be subdivided into light and medium-sized mobile shelves (also known as dense shelves, divided into manual and electric), heavy pallet type mobile shelves, rotary shelves can be subdivided into horizontal rotary, heavy straight rotary shelves.

common classification methods are also divided according to standards such as height and bearing weight.

2. the structural characteristics, application scope and selection principles of various shelf systems

1, shelf shelf

shelf shelves are usually manual access to goods, assembled structure, uniform and adjustable layer spacing, goods are often loose pieces or not very heavy packaged goods (convenient for manual access), shelf height is usually below 2.5m, otherwise it is difficult to reach manually (if supplemented by climbing car, it can be set at about 3m). The span (I. e. length) of unit shelves should not be too long, and the depth (I. e. width) of unit shelves should not be too deep. According to the load capacity of each layer of unit shelves, it can be divided into light, medium and heavy shelf shelves. The laminates are mainly steel laminates and wood laminates.

2. Tray type shelf

pallet type shelves, also known as beam type shelves, or cargo type shelves, usually heavy shelves, in the domestic storage shelf system is the most common.

must carry out the unitization work, that is, the packaging of goods and their weight and other characteristics are assembled, the type, specification and size of the pallet are determined, as well as the load weight and stacking height of a single pallet (the weight of a single pallet is generally within 2000kg), and then the span, depth and layer spacing of the unit shelf are determined, and the height of the shelf is determined according to the effective height of the lower edge of the warehouse roof frame and the fork height.

unit is generally within 4m, the depth is within 1.5m, the shelf height of low and high warehouses is generally within 12m, and the shelf height of ultra-high warehouses is generally within 30m (such warehouses are basically automated warehouses, and the total shelf height is composed of several columns within 12m).

In such warehouses, low and high warehouses mostly use forward-moving battery forklifts, balanced battery forklifts and three-way forklifts for access operations. Electric stackers can also be used when shelves are short, and stackers are used for access operations in ultra-high warehouses.

this kind of shelf system space utilization rate is high, access is flexible and convenient, supplemented by computer management or control, can basically meet the requirements of modern logistics system.

is widely used in manufacturing, third-party logistics and distribution centers and other fields. It is suitable for many varieties of small-volume items, but also for small varieties of large-volume items. Such shelves are most widely used in high-level warehouses and ultra-high-level warehouses (most shelves in automated warehouses use such shelves).

3, through-type shelf

Through-type shelves are also called corridor-type shelves and drive-in shelves. This system has dense shelf arrangement and extremely high space utilization rate, which is almost twice that of pallet shelves. However, the goods must be of small variety and large quantity, and the goods must be delivered after being advanced. First of all, the container unit must be carried out to determine the specifications, load capacity and stacking height of the pallet. From this, the span, depth and layer spacing of the unit shelf are determined, and the height of the shelf is determined according to the effective height of the lower edge of the roof truss. The total depth of the shelf in the wall area is well controlled within the depth of 6 pallets, and the total depth of the shelf area that can enter and exit on both sides in the middle area is well controlled within the depth of 12 pallets, so as to improve the efficiency and reliability of forklift access (in this kind of shelf system, forklift is easy to shake and hit the shelf, so it is very important to consider the stability sufficiently).

the stability of such storage system is weak, the shelf should not be too high, usually should be controlled within 10m, and in order to strengthen the stability of the entire shelf system, in addition to the specifications, selection to be larger, but also to add a pull solid device. Single-pallet goods should not be too large or heavy, usually the weight should be controlled within 1500kg, and the pallet span should not be greater than 1.5m. Forklifts are often equipped with forward-moving battery forklifts or balanced weight battery forklifts. More used in dairy, beverage and other food industry, cold storage is also more common.

4, gravity shelf

Gravity shelves are evolved from pallet shelves. Roller tracks or bottom wheel pallets are adopted. The tracks show a certain slope (about 3 degrees). The self-weight of goods is used to realize the first-in, first-out and first-in, first-out storage of large quantities and similar goods. The space utilization rate is very high, especially for goods with a certain warranty period and not suitable for long-term overstocking.

shelf (I. e., the length of the guide rail) should not be too large, otherwise the up and down "dead corners" that cannot be used will be large, which will affect the use of space, and the ramp will be too long, the controllability of the slide will be poor, and the impulse of the slide will be large.

In order to make the sliding smooth, if the ramp is long, a damping device should be added in the middle. In order to prevent the pallet goods from overturning due to excessive impact force when they slide to the bottom, a buffer device and a pick-up separation device should be set at the lower part of the ramp. Therefore, the design, manufacture and installation are difficult and the cost is high. Such shelves should not be too high, generally within 6m, the weight of single-pallet goods is generally within 1000kg, otherwise its reliability and operability will be reduced. This type of shelf system is currently not a lot of domestic applications.

5. Press-in shelf

pressure-in shelves are also evolved from pallet shelves. The principle of combining rails and pallet trolleys is adopted. The rails show a certain slope (about 3 degrees). The weight of the goods is used to realize the advanced and backward exit of pallet goods, with the same side entering and the same side exiting. It is suitable for the storage of large quantities and small varieties of goods. The space utilization rate is very high and the access is more flexible and convenient.

shelf should not be too deep, generally within 5 pallets, otherwise the space will be sacrificed due to the mutual embedding of the pallet trolley. The weight of single-pallet goods is generally within 1500kg, and the shelf height is generally within 6m. Such systems have high requirements for the manufacturing accuracy of the shelves, and the coordination between the pallet trolley and the guide rail is particularly important. If the manufacturing and installation accuracy is not high, it is easy to cause the shelf system to run poorly.

this kind of shelf cost is higher, in the country has a certain application.

6, attic shelf

The loft-style shelf system is to build an intermediate attic on the existing work site or shelf to increase storage space and can be 2.

three-story attic, it is appropriate to access some light foam and small and medium-sized goods, suitable for many varieties of large quantities or many varieties of small quantities of goods, manual access to goods.

goods are usually delivered to the second and third floors by forklifts, hydraulic lifting platforms or freight elevators, and then delivered to a certain location by light trolleys or hydraulic pallets. Such systems usually use medium-sized shelf shelves or heavy-duty shelf shelves as the support of the main body and floor panels (which shelf is selected according to the total load of the unit shelves). The floor panels usually use cold-rolled steel floors, checkered steel floors or steel grating floors.

in recent years, the use of cold-rolled steel floor, it has a strong bearing capacity, good integrity, good uniformity, high precision, smooth surface, easy to lock and other advantages, there are a variety of types of options, and easy to match the lighting system, access, management are more convenient. The load capacity of each layer of unit shelves is usually within 500kg, the floor spacing is usually 2.2m ~ 2.7m, and the height of the top shelf is generally about 2m, taking full account of the convenience of man-machine operation. Such systems are widely used in the field of auto parts, automobile 4S shops, light industry, electronics and other industries.

7. Steel structure platform

steel structure platform is usually a fully assembled steel structure platform with two or three floors on the existing workshop (warehouse) site, which changes the use space from one floor to two or three floors, so that the space can be fully utilized. The goods are transported to the second and third floors by forklift or freight ladder on the lifting platform, and then transported to the designated position by trolley or hydraulic trailer.

Compared with the reinforced concrete platform, this kind of platform has the advantages of fast construction, moderate cost, easy assembly and disassembly, easy to use, and novel and beautiful structure.

the spacing between the columns of such platforms is usually within 4~6m, the height of the first floor is about 3m, and the height of the 2. floor is about 2.5m. The columns are usually made of square tubes or round tubes. The main and auxiliary beams are usually made of H-shaped steel. The floor panels are usually cold-rolled steel floor slabs, checkered steel floor slabs, steel gratings, etc. The floor load is usually within 1000kg per square meter.

this kind of platform can make the storage and management get the combination of the nearest distance, upstairs or downstairs can be used as warehouse office. Such systems are used in third-party logistics, machinery manufacturing and other industries.

8, cantilever shelf

Cantilever shelves are mainly used for storing long materials, such as profiles, pipes, plates, cables, etc. The columns are mostly H-shaped steel or cold-rolled steel, the cantilevers are square tubes, cold-rolled steel or H-shaped steel, the cantilever and the column are plugged or bolted, the base and the column are bolted, and the base is cold-rolled steel or H-shaped steel. Goods access by forklift, truck or manual. Shelf height is usually within 2.5 meters (such as by forklift access to goods can be as high as 6 meters), cantilever length within 1.5 meters, each arm load is usually within 1000kg. Such shelves are mostly used in machinery manufacturing industry and building materials supermarkets.

9, mobile shelves

mobile shelves are usually evolved from medium-sized beam shelves. Roller aluminum alloy or sheet metal flow strips are arranged between the front and rear beams of each layer of the shelf, and are placed at a certain slope (about 3 degrees).

goods are usually packed in paper or placed in plastic turnover boxes, and their own weight is used to realize the flow and first-in-first-out of goods. The goods are transported by trolley, manually accessed and accessed conveniently. The load capacity of each layer of unit shelves is usually within 1000kg, and the shelf height is within 2.5 meters. It is suitable for the process conversion on both sides of the assembly line, the picking operation of the distribution center and other places, and can be equipped with electronic tags to realize the information management of goods.

10, drawer type shelf

Drawer-type shelves evolved from heavy-duty pallet shelves, which are usually used to store heavy objects such as molds, and there is no suitable forklift available on site. Combined assembly and bolt-connected shelf structure, the shelf height is generally below 2.5m, and several layers except the top layer can be designed and manufactured into drawer-type structure, which is safe and reliable, and can easily extract goods weighing up to 2000kg/layer, supplemented by crane or gourd crane, so as to easily realize the goods access operation. Such shelves are mainly used to store molds and other special places.

11, corbel shelf

corbel shelves are mainly used in automated warehouses. The pallet used in this kind of racking system has strong carrying capacity and good rigidity. For example, if the pallet carrying capacity is very small, the cross beam can be canceled, or the cargo compartment is small without cross beam, and plastic boxes are directly placed on the corbel, and the goods are automatically accessed by the stacker. Mainly used in such as tobacco, electronics, machinery manufacturing and other industries.

12, mobile shelf

light and medium-sized mobile shelves (also known as compact shelves) are evolved from light and medium-sized shelf shelves. The compact structure requires only one channel (about 1m wide). It has good sealing, beautiful and practical, safe and reliable, and is the shelf with the highest space utilization rate. It is divided into two types: mobile and electric.

guide rail can be embedded in the ground or installed on the ground, the shelf base runs along the guide rail, and the shelf is installed on the base. Each row of shelves can be easily and smoothly moved through the sprocket transmission system. It is divided into manual and electric, and the goods are manually accessed. In order to prevent the racking system from dumping during operation, an anti-dumping device is usually provided. Mainly used in archives, libraries, banks, enterprise reference room, electronic light industry and other industries.

heavy-duty mobile shelf is evolved from a heavy-duty pallet shelf with a bare structure. Every two rows of shelves are placed on the base. The base is equipped with walking wheels and runs along the track. The chassis is equipped with motors, reducers, alarms, Sensor devices, etc. The system only needs 1~2 channels, and the space utilization rate is very high. The structure is similar to that of light and medium-sized mobile shelves. The difference is that heavy-duty mobile shelves must be electric. Goods are stored and stored by forklifts. The passage is usually about 3m. It is mainly used in some places where warehouse space is not very large and requires maximum use of space. It is suitable for machinery manufacturing and other industries.

13, rotary shelf

rotary shelves are divided into two kinds of horizontal rotation and vertical rotation, are more special shelves, high degree of automation requirements, high sealing requirements, suitable for goods light and small and expensive, high security requirements. Single shelf system is small, single automatic control,

is independent and can be regarded as some kind of power equipment.

such shelves are expensive and are mainly used to store valuables such as knives. Industry, the use of occasions, storage items, environment, temperature, cleanliness and many other factors, determine the difference of the shelf system, in this simple list of some of the more commonly used shelf system of the initial type.

these shelf systems is that they are mostly assembled light steel structures, and the surface is mostly electrostatic spray treatment. With the rapid development of the logistics equipment industry, it is believed that the technical content and precision of the shelf system will become higher and higher, the structure will be more optimized, the variety will be more complete, and the adaptability will be more extensive. It will play an important role in the development of China's logistics industry.